South African classrooms are vibrant yet challenging, with socio-economic barriers and diverse learner needs often hindering progress (Makuya & Sedibe, 2021). Gagné’s Nine Events of

South Africa’s classrooms pulse with potential, yet language barriers and resource scarcity often pose challenges (Bowe et al., 2024). The 5E Instructional Model is a

South Africa’s classrooms are rich with diversity, yet inclusivity challenges like disabilities and linguistic barriers persist (Human Rights Watch, 2015). Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

South African educators face complex classrooms, balancing diverse learners and limited resources, yet purposeful planning can unlock transformative outcomes (Makuya & Sedibe, 2021). Backward Design